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Inde --- Inde --- Inde --- India --- India. --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Histoire. --- History. --- Bharat --- Histoire --- Inde

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The low take-up of cost-effective and highly subsidised preventive health technologies in low-income countries remains a puzzle. One under-studied reason is that the design of subsidy schemes is such that households remain financially constrained. This paper analyses whether, and how, micro-finance supports a large public health subsidy program in the developing world-the Swachh Bharat Mission-in achieving its aim of increasing uptake of individual household latrines. Exploiting a cluster randomised controlled experiment of a sanitation micro-finance program that coincided with the launch of the SBM program, and unique survey data matched to administrative data, findings reveal that the complementarity runs on two levels: First, micro-credit allows households officially ineligible for the subsidy to invest in sanitation by alleviating credit constraints. Second, micro-credit also helps subsidy eligible households to overcome short-term liquidity constraints induced by the remuneration-post-verification subsidy design to invest in sanitation. Subsidy eligible households living in areas experiencing large delays in subsidy disbursement, or high toilet costs, are more likely to take a sanitation loan, but less likely to use the loan to construct a toilet.

Access to Finance --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Micro-Credit --- Micro-Finance --- Sanitation --- SBM --- Subsidies --- Swachh Bharat Mission

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Chemical engineering --- Research --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Research. --- India. --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Bhārata --- Inde --- Bharat --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Indi --- Indien --- Indii͡ --- Indland --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Indo

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India --- Maps. --- Administrative and political divisions --- -Maps. --- Indland --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Republic of India --- Bhārata --- Indii︠a︡ --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Bharat --- Government of India --- インド --- Indo --- هند --- Индия

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India --- Commerce --- -History. --- Commercial policy --- -History --- -India --- Indland --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Republic of India --- Bhārata --- Indii︠a︡ --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- Bharat --- Government of India --- インド --- Indo --- History. --- History --- 17th century --- هند --- Индия